Whelan MJ, Coulon F, Hince G, Rayner J, McWatters R, Spedding T, Snape I. Zhou D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li X, Chen Z, Huang J, Li X, Flores G, Kamon M. Column test-based optimization of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technique for remediating groundwater contaminated by landfill leachates. Combining in situ chemical oxidation, stabilization, and anaerobic bioremediation in a single application to reduce contaminant mass and leachability in soil. However, unlike bioventing, air is injected at the saturated zone, which can cause upward movement of volatile organic compounds to the unsaturated zone to promote biodegradation. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Bioremediation Bioremediation is generally considered a more sustainable remediation approach to managing petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils than alternatives such as excavation and disposal to landfill or energy intensive thermal desorption [ 2, 3 ]. Hydraulic performance of a permeable reactive barrier at Casey Station, Antarctica. Biodegradation Phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. Genomics Approach to Bioremediation: Principles, Tools, and Folch A, Vilaplana M, Amado L, Vicent R, Caminal G. Fungal permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater in an artificial aquifer. Tiecher TL, Ceretta CA, Ferreira PAA, Lourenzi CR, Tiecher T, Girotto E, Nicoloso FT, Soriani HH, De Conti L, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Brunetto G. The potential of. 2015). Liu S-J, Zhao Z-Y, Li J, Wang J, Qi Y. Home Publications Conferences The method uses the biological/microbial populations present in the rhizosphere 2001). In addition, bioreactor being an enclosed system, genetically modified microorganism (GEM) can be used for bioaugmentation after which the organism (GEM) can be destroyed before treated soils are returned to field for landfilling. WebArchives for the Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation preserves the journal editions published in the past. Furthermore, ozonation might be useful for partial oxidation of recalcitrant compounds in order to accelerate biodegradation (Philp and Atlas 2005). Intrinsic bioremediation also known as natural attenuation is an in situ bioremediation technique, which involves passive remediation of polluted sites, without any external force (human intervention). Degradation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil by bioslurry reactor operated in sequencing batch mode: bioprocess monitoring. An official website of the United States government. Although alternative terms such as biological PRB, passive bioreactive barrier, bio-enhanced PRB have been proposed to accommodate the bioremediation or biotechnology aspect of the technique, the role of microorganisms have been reported to be mostly enhancement rather than an independent biotechnology (Philp and Atlas 2005). Dadrasnia A, Agamuthu P. Diesel fuel degradation from contaminated soil by. With respect to chlorinated compounds, Adetutu et al. (2015) reported the potential applications (food, feedstuff, biofortification of agricultural products) of Selenium-enriched material recovered from phytoremediation sites. Mihopoulos PG, Suidan MT, Sayles GD. On the other hand, organic pollutants (hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds) are predominantly removed by degradation, rhizoremediation, stabilization and volatilization, with mineralization being possible when some plants such as willow and alfalfa are used (Meagher 2000; Kuiper et al. This is due to early saturation of air (by high or low air injection rate) in the subsurface for oxygen demand during biodegradation. 0 Views 0 CrossRef citations to date 0. Ex situ bioremediation techniques tend to be more expensive due to additional costs attributed to excavation and transportation. Although both techniques use identical hardware, the configuration, philosophical design and operation differ significantly (Diele et al. Different plant species have been reported to have innate ability to remove organic and elemental pollutants from polluted sites (Table2). Before Long-term performance of zero-valent iron permeable reactive barriers: a critical review. Zangi-Kotler M, Ben-Dov E, Tiehm A, Kushmaro A. Microbial community structure and dynamics in a membrane bioreactor supplemented with the flame retardant dibromoneopentyl glycol. This technique has gained popularity among other in situ bioremediation techniques especially in restoring sites polluted with light spilled petroleum products (Hhener and Ponsin 2014). 2008; Obiri-Nyarko et al. 2015; Tiecher et al. 2009). Meagher RB. Despite the fact that bioventing design is to encourage aeration in unsaturated zone, it can be used for anaerobic bioremediation process especially in treating vadose zone polluted with chlorinated compounds, which are recalcitrant under aerobic conditions. Generally, ex situ techniques apparently are more expensive compared to in situ techniques as a result of additional cost attributable to excavation. (2012) observed that both bioaugmentation and biostimulation were effective in removing pollutant such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from heavily polluted sample compared to non-amended setup (control). 2005). 2014) reported that biological reaction is one of the several mechanisms (degradation, precipitation and sorption) of pollutant removal in PRB technique. Besides, it is possible that other remediation techniques (Pavel and Gavrilescu 2008), which might as well be more economical, and efficient to apply during remediation, are considered when remediation of sites polluted with pollutants aside from hydrocarbons are involved. Nevertheless, biostmulation was observed to be more effective in removing low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs and contributed to higher percentage (33.9%) of total PAHs removal compared to 26.8% achieved with bioaugmentation. These mechanisms are unique in their specific requirements, advantages, and disadvantages, the success of which depends chiefly upon the kind of organisms and the contaminants involved in the process. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, The use of this particular ex situ technique is increasingly being considered due to its constructive features including cost effectiveness, which enables effective biodegradation on the condition that nutrient, temperature and aeration are adequately controlled (Whelan et al. The process relies on both microbial aerobic and anaerobic processes to biodegrade polluting substances including those that are recalcitrant. A process called bioremediation can be used to turn abandoned mining sites into useful agricultural land. da Silva LJ, Flvia Chaves Alves FC, de Frana FP. At the same time, bioaugmentation was observed to be more effective in removing high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs from polluted sample used for the pilot study, resulting in >22% reduction in HMWPAHs, whereas with biostimulation, the maximum reduction in individual HWMPAHs (46 ring-PAHs) were only 10.85%. 2008; Obiri-Nyarko et al. Frascari D, Zanaroli G, Danko AS. Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation - PMC 2013). Bioremediation Shannon JM, Hauser LW, Liu X, Parkin GF, Mattes TE, Just GL. Plants by their nature are autotrophic (unable to use organic compounds as sources of carbon and energy), therefore lack catabolic enzymes needed to fully mineralize organic pollutants to carbon dioxide and water; this presents another pitfall for phytoremediation (Lee 2013). Unlike ex situ bioremediation techniques, soil porosity strongly influences the application of in situ bioremediation to any polluted site. Composting of contaminated soil before planting resulted in enhanced TPH degradation, which in turn favoured rhizodegradation by Suaeda glauca (Wang et al. This containment of GEM in a bioreactor followed by destruction will help ensure that no foreign gene escapes into an environment after bioremediation. 3, no. Bioremediation Unlike bioventing that relies on enhancing microbial degradation process at the vadose zone by moderate air injection, soil vapour extraction (SVE) maximizes volatile organic compound volatilization via vapour extraction (Magalhes et al. Besides, there is a possibility that accumulated toxic contaminants may be transferred along food chain. 2015). These techniques involve treating polluted substances at the site of pollution. Furthermore, the use of iron sulphide (FeS) barrier would help overcome some of the challenges (loss of permeability under certain geological conditions) associated with the use of ZVI (Henderson and Demond 2013). Investigations into the application of a combination of bioventing and biotrickling filter technologies for soil decontamination processesa transition regime between bioventing and soil vapour extraction. Factors Influencing the Bacterial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon It does not require any excavation; therefore, it is accompanied by little or no disturbance to soil structure. Shah JK, Sayles GD, Suidan MT, Mihopoulos PG, Kaskassian SR. Anaerobic bioventing of unsaturated zone contaminated with DDT and DNT. Bioremediation Secondly, due to several bioprocess parameters or variables of a bioreactor, any parameter that is not properly controlled and/or maintained at optimum, may become a limiting factor; this in turn will reduce microbial activities and will make bioreactor-based bioremediation process less effective. This technique is very similar to bioventing in that air is injected into soil subsurface to stimulate microbial activities in order to promote pollutant removal from polluted sites. Delforno TP, Moura AGL, Okada DY, Sakamoto IK, Varesche MBA. The prospects of bioremediation are also discussed. Moreover, it is not suitable for treating soil polluted with toxic volatiles due to its design and mechanism of pollutant removal (volatilization), especially in hot (tropical) climate regions. Dreov Z, uovsk A, Hornk M, Pipka M, Gubiov M, Gubi J, Hostin S. Rhizofiltration potential of for cadmium and zinc removal from contaminated wastewater. 2015). 2014). Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHB) as a slow-release electron donor for advanced in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvent-contaminated aquifers. Almansoory AF, Hasan HA, Idris M, Abdullah SRS, Anuar N. Potential application of a biosurfactant in phytoremediation technology for treatment of gasoline-contaminatedsoil. Nevertheless, researchers (Thiruvenkatachari et al. Van Aken B. Transgenic plants for enhanced phytoremediation of toxic explosives. An alternative to enhancing the quality of the ex-siltstone mining soil so that it can be used again as agricultural land is the application of biocompost fertilizer. 2011). Smith E, Thavamani P, Ramadass K, Naidu R, Srivastava P, Megharaj M. Remediation trials for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in arid environments: evaluation of bioslurry and biopiling techniques. 2014). Researchers have developed and modelled different bioremediation techniques; however, due to nature and/or type of pollutant, there is no single bioremediation technique that serves as a silver bullet to restore polluted environments. The absence of external force implies that the technique is less expensive compared to other in situ techniques. Chikere CB, Okoye AU, Okpokwasili GC. MNA is widely gaining acceptance in most European countries with exception of very few, due to cold climate condition that is likely to exert negative effect on biodegradation process (Declercq et al. Following complete free products removal, the system can easily be made to operate as a conventional bioventing system to complete remediation process (Kim et al. 2015). WebABOUT JOURNAL Journal of Biodegradation and Bioremediation (JBB) is an international open-access peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, bimonthly journal that aims to contribute to Gomez F, Sartaj M. Optimization of field scale biopiles for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil at low temperature conditions by response surface methodology (RSM). With bioreactor, the role of biosurfactant was found to be insignificant due to efficient mixing associated with bioreactor operations (Mustafa et al. WebBioremediation employs microorganisms for removing heavy metals. Above all, cost of a bioreactor suitable for a laboratory or pilot-scale bioremediation makes this technique to be capitally intensive. Bioremediation can be separated into two categories, biosorption and bioaccumulation. Bioremediation of Ex-Mining Soil with the Biocompost in the 2009; Ali et al. Amongst the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, green house gases, and hydrocarbons. Consequently, cost of remediation apparently is not the major factor that should determine the bioremediation technique to be applied to any polluted site. 2014; Mena et al. Establishing a vacuum on a deep high permeable site and fluctuating water table, which could create saturated soil lenses that are difficult to aerate are amongst the major concerns of this particular in situ technique. Wang J, Feng X, Anderson CWN, Xing Y, Shang L. Remediation of mercury contaminated sites. Obiri-Nyarko F, Grajales-Mesa SJ, Malina G. An overview of permeable reactive barriers for in situ sustainable groundwater remediation. Each year research scientists have noticed a rise in the number of congresses being held in this field. Nevertheless, due to periodic turning associated with windrow treatment, it may not be the best option to adopt in remediating soil polluted with toxic volatiles. Nonetheless, the process is likely to differ, depending on other factors such as nature of contaminant and plant type. This technique is mostly perceived as a physical method for remediating contaminated groundwater, due to its design and mechanism of pollutant removal. Nevertheless, in some instances, the term biodegradation is used interchangeably with bioremediation; the former is a term, which applies to a process under the latter. 2015). In this technique, a permanent or semi-permanent reactive barrier (medium) mostly made up of a zero-valent iron (Garca et al. An overview of phytoremediation as a potentially promising technology for environmental pollution control. Adelaja O, Keshavarz T, Kyazze G. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell. The feasibility of biopiles towards bioremediation of different soil samples including clay and sandy soil has been reported (Chemlal et al. Permeable reactive barrier (PBR) is not the arbitrary tree root. Nikolopoulou M, Pasadakis N, Norf H, Kalogerakis N. Enhanced. Magalhes SMC, Jorge RMF, Castro PML. 2014). Vangronsveld J, Herzig R, Weyens N, Boulet J, Adriaensen K, Ruttens R, Thewys T, Vassilev A, Meers E, Nehnevajova E, van der Lelie D, Mench M. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater: lessons from the field. bioremediation The concept of bioremediation was first used on a large scale in 1972 for the cleaning of Sun Oil pipeline spill at Ambler, Pennsylvania (Kumar et al., 2015). However, in laboratory-scale, George M. Robinson was the first to recognize this process during experiments on sewage and oil treatment (Sonawdekar, 2012). Tyagi M, da Fonseca MMR, de Carvalho CCCR. 2012). MM El-Sheekh, MM Ghareib, GW Abou-EL-Souod. Further, MNA is often used to represent a more holistic approach to intrinsic bioremediation. Land farming is amongst the simplest bioremediation techniques owing to its low cost and less equipment requirement for operation. A review of the technological solutions for the treatment of oily sludges from petroleum refineries. Nutrient limitation, low population or absence of microbes with degradative capabilities, and pollutant bioavailability are among the major pitfalls, which may hinder the success of bioremediation. In bioventing, amendments are made by adding nutrients and moisture to enhance bioremediation with the ultimate goal being to achieve microbial transformation of pollutants to a harmless state (Philp and Atlas 2005). Remediation of polluted sites using microbial process (bioremediation) has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Frutos FJG, Prez R, Escolano O, Rubio A, Gimeno A, Fernandez MD, Carbonell G, Perucha C, Laguna J. Remediation trials for hydrocarbon-contaminated sludge from a soil washing process: evaluation of bioremediation technologies. Addition of biosurfactant produced by Serratia marcescens to gasoline-contaminated soil to which Ludwigia octovalvis were planted, resulted in 93.5% total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal and corresponding increase in microbial count; this was attributed to desorption and solubilization effects of biosurfactant, which in turn increased gasoline bioavailability to microbial consortia within L. octovalvis rhizosphere (Almansoory et al. Bioremediation, Biostimulation and Bioaugmention: A Review Airflow rate in SVE is higher compared to that of bioventing (Baker and Moore 2000). Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. This technique relies on the use of plant interactions (physical, biochemical, biological, chemical and microbiological) in polluted sites to mitigate the toxic effects of pollutants. 2004; Maila and Colete 2004). but there is a paucity of information toward field-scale bioremediation and, to a lesser extent, toward biological liquid effluent treatments. Bioreactor-based bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted Niger Delta marine sediment, Nigeria. This is due to possibility of engineering a designer biocatalyst (GEM, which can effectively degrade a target pollutant including recalcitrant compounds) by incorporating a novel and efficient metabolic pathways, widening the substrate range of existing pathways and increasing stability of catabolic activity (Paul et al. In land farming, one thing is common, polluted soils are usually excavated and/or tilled, but the site of treatment apparently determines the type of bioremediation. WebGenomics Approach to Bioremediation Provides insights into the various aspects of microbial genomics and biotechnology for environmental cleanup In recent years, the application of genomics to biodegradation and bioremediation research has led to a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms, their interactions with hazardous and toxic Xu P, Ma W, Han H, Jia S, Hou B. Khan FI, Husain T, Hejazi R. An overview and analysis of site remediation technologies. and transmitted securely. Saravanan V, Rajasimman M, Rajamohan N. Performance of packed bed biofilter during transient operating conditions on removal of xylene vapour. Moreover, the dependence on petroleum and other related products as major sources of energy seems to have contributed to increased pollution resulting from this class of pollutant (Gomez and Sartaj 2013; Khudur et al. Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils in the Canadian Arctic by landfarming. Mrassi AG, Bensalah F, Gury J, Duran R. Isolation and characterization of different bacterial strains for bioremediation of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Fig. Although bioremediation techniques are diverse (Fig. 2015). Bioremediation is an attractive and successful cleaning technique to remove toxic waste from polluted environment. The application of biopile to polluted sites can help limit volatilization of low molecular weight (LMW) pollutants; it can also be used effectively to remediate polluted extreme environments such as the very cold regions (Dias et al. 2014; Firmino et al. 2015) and some transgenic plants for enhanced phytoremediation including genes transferred have also been described (Lee 2013). Land farming system complies with government regulations, and can be used in any climate and location (Besaltatpour et al. 2015). Somtrakoon K, Chouychai W, Lee H. Phytoremediation of anthracene and fluoranthene contaminated soil by. Delille D, Duval A, Pelletier E. Highly efficient pilot biopiles for on-site fertilization treatment of diesel oil-contaminated sub-Antarctic soil. Nevertheless, it was reported that tillage and irrigation without nutrient addition in a soil with appropriate biological activity increased heterotrophic and diesel-degrading bacterial counts thus enhancing the rate of bioremediation; dehydrogenase activity was also observed to be a good indicator of biostimulation treatment and could be used as a biological parameter in land farming technology (Silva-Castro et al. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Notwithstanding, understanding microbiological processes is of great importance when optimizing bioremediation processes (Piskonen et al. but there is a paucity of information toward field-scale bioremediation and, to a lesser extent, toward biological liquid effluent treatments. Iori V, Pietrini F, Cheremisina A, Shevyakova NI, Radyukina N, Kuznetsov VV, Zacchini M. Growth responses, metal accumulation and phytoremoval capability in Amaranthus plants exposed to nickel under hydroponics. Bioremediation Journal journal metrics - Taylor & Francis Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Bulking agents such as straw, saw dust, bark or wood chips and other organic materials have been added to enhance remediation process in a biopile construct (Rodrguez-Rodrguez et al. 1), most studies on bioremediation are focused on hydrocarbons on account of frequent pollution of soil and ground water with this particular type of pollutant (Frutos et al. 2013). In the past two decades, there have been recent advances in bioremediation techniques with the ultimate goal being to effectively restore polluted environments in an eco-friendly approach, and at a very low cost. 2012; Cerqueira et al. 2012b). Ignatius A, Arunbabu V, Neethu J, Ramasamy EV. Importantly, controlled bioaugmentation, nutrient addition, increased pollutant bioavailability, and mass transfer (contact between pollutant and microbes), which are among the limiting factors of bioremediation process can effectively be established in a bioreactor thus making bioreactor-based bioremediation more efficient. Abstract Bioremediation is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes in to another form that can use and reused by other organisms. Further, engineering microorganisms with degradative pathway of a target compound using synthetic biology approach could improve bioremediation efficiency. However, cost of on-site installation of equipment, and inability to effectively visualize and control the subsurface of polluted sites are of major concerns when carrying out in situ bioremediation. Fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in engineered biopiles in polar regions. Petroleumhydrocarbon contamination and remediation by microbioventing at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. In contrast, in situ techniques have no additional cost attributed to excavation; however, cost of on-site installation of equipment, coupled with inability to effectively visualize and control the subsurface of polluted site may render some in situ bioremediation techniques inefficient. Microorganisms are essential for a key alternative solution to overcome challenges. Bioremediation, Environment, Pollutants, Techniques. (2008) reported that biosparging of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX)-contaminated aquifer plume resulted in a shift from anaerobic to aerobic conditions; this was evidenced by increased dissolved oxygen, redox potentials, nitrate, sulphate and total culturable heterotrophs with a corresponding decrease in dissolved ferrous iron, sulphide, methane and total anaerobes and methanogens. Recently, researchers have focused on coupling PRB and other methods such as electrokinetics for treatment of different class of pollutants (Garca et al. Pollutant depth plays an important role as to whether land farming can be carried out ex situ or in situ. bioremediation Piskonen R, Nyyssnen M, Rajamki T, Itvaara M. Monitoring of accelerated naphthalene-biodegradation in a bioaugmented soil slurry. 2004). Bioremediation techniquesclassification based on site of Apparently, taking into consideration site of application, bioremediation techniques can be categorized as: ex situ or in situ. Bioremediation: applied microbial solutions for real-world environmental cleanup. Home Publications Conferences Register Contact. Mohan SV, Sirisha K, Rao NC, Sarma PN, Reddy SJ. Nonetheless, they can be used to treat wide range of pollutants in a controlled manner. Thijs S, Sillen W, Rineau F, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J. Bioremediation Ex situ bioremediation techniques are usually considered based on: the cost of treatment, depth of pollution, type of pollutant, degree of pollution, geographical location and geology of the polluted site. Khudur LS, Shahsavari E, Miranda AF, Morrison PD, Dayanthi Nugegoda D, Ball AS. 2014). 2011; de-Bashan et al. It thus demonstrates that in bioventing, air injection rate is among the basic parameters for pollutant dispersal, redistribution and surface loss. Although maintaining barrier reactivity is vital for performance of PRB technique, preserving the barrier permeability is crucial for PRB success and can be achieved by maintaining appropriate particle size distribution (Mumford et al. Cerqueira VS, Peralba MR, Camargo FAO, Bento FM. Moreover, bioreactor-based bioremediation is not a popular full-scale practice due to some reasons. In most cases, it is regarded as ex situ bioremediation, while in some cases, it is regarded as in situ bioremediation technique. In this review, bioremediation is defined as a process, which relies on biological mechanisms to reduce (degrade, detoxify, mineralize or transform) concentration of pollutants to an innocuous state. A clay permeable reactive barrier to remove Cs-137 from groundwater: column experiments. Bioremediation Further, it was suggested that plant-microbiome interaction might not always be optimal for phytoremediation; therefore, human interventions are required to optimize such interaction for enhance contaminant removal. Mumford KA, Rayner JL, Snape I, Stevens GW. Lastly, pollutants are likely to respond differently to different bioreactors; the availability of the most suitable design is of paramount importance. This particular challenge can be resolved by combining bioventing and biotrickling filter techniques to reduce both contaminant and outlet gas emission levels; thus reducing the extended treatment time associated with bioventing alone (Magalhes et al. Biological methods for assessment and remediation of contaminated land: case studies. Isolation of a Naphthalene-Degrading Strain from Activated Sludge and Bioaugmentation with it in a MBR Treating Coal Gasification Wastewater. Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021, 105920. (2015) compared the effectiveness of three treatments (biostimulation, biostimulation-bioaugmentation, and monitored natural attenuation) towards dechlorination of ground water contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) and observed successful reduction in TCE concentration below that stipulated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). WebGenomics Approach to Bioremediation Provides insights into the various aspects of microbial genomics and biotechnology for environmental cleanup In recent years, the application of genomics to biodegradation and bioremediation research has led to a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms, their interactions with hazardous and toxic Henderson AD, Demond AH. Thom A, Reginatto C, Cecchin I, Colla LM. Firstly, due to bioreactor being ex situ technique, the volume of polluted soil or other substances to be treated may be too large, requiring more manpower, capital and safety measures for transporting pollutant to treatment site, therefore, making this particular technique cost ineffective (Philp and Atlas 2005). government site. 2009). 2007). Similarly, in a field trial, Paudyn et al. Fingerprinting hydrocarbons in a contaminated soil from an Italian natural reserve and assessment of the performance of a low-impact bioremediation approach. Cytochrome P450. Journal of In this section, PRB will be used to describe all variants of this technique including the permeable reactive barrier itself unless otherwise stated.